Comparison of casting processes

  Metals that can be cast Min.and Max mass, kg Tolerance
on dim.,%
Surface finish,µ m Min. section size, mm Draft deg Production rate,pcs/hr Min. cored hole,mm Porosity
Sand Casting Aluminium
Steel
CI and others
0.03, 100
0.10, 200, 000
0.03, 50, 000
0.09
to
0.03
4
8
8
3
6
3.5
4
to
7
10
to
15
 
6
 
 
5
 
Permanent
Mould Casting
Cast iron
Al and Mg
0.01, 50
0.01, 10
0.01
min
2
 
5
3
 
2
 
50
4.5 to 6
6
 
4
Die Casting Al
Mg
Zn
0.015, 35
0.015, 35
0.05, 80
0.0015
0.0015
 
1
1
1
0.8
1.2
0.5
2
2
2
75 to 150
 
300 to 350
2.5
2.5
0.8
 
2
 
Precision
Investment Casting
Steel
Aluminium
0.005, 25
0.002, 10
0.003, to
0.005
1
1
1
0.8
1 to
3
  N/A 0.5 to
1.25
 
1
 
Shell
moulding
Steel
Cast iron
Aluminium
0.05, 120
0.03, 50
0.03, 15
0.01
to
0.003
6
6
2.5
3.5
3
1.5
2
to
3
30
to
80
3
to
6
 
1
 
Centrifugal casting Aluminium
Steel
Cast iron
up to
400
 
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.6
to
3.5
0.6
to
1.2
 
3
 
30
to
50
 N/A 1
to
2